Competition between Green and Non-Green Travel Companies: The Role of Governmental Subsidies in Green Travel

The problem of carbon emissions in transportation is an increasing concern, and consumers need to be encouraged towards green modes travel achieve low-carbon travel. To compete with non-green companies, companies have considered implementing expensive efforts attract consumers. Decisions on prices, the maintain their competitiveness, role governmental subsidies promoting must thoroughly investigated. consider competitiveness that support increased expenses travel, this study defined four different decision-making scenarios. Nash game model without Stackelberg–Nash were built solved understand effects pricing companies. equilibrium results analyzed theoretically numerically. showed could boost while prices. competition between both undermined reduced A sufficiently large cost-sharing coefficient from government caused demand higher than demand.